(US) Duluth inclines / Les funiculaires de Duluth (Minnesota)

Duluth 7th Avenue West Incline (1)

Duluth Belt Line Incline (2)


1 – Duluth 7th Avenue West Incline

The 7th Avenue West Incline was built in 1891 to climb on the top of the Beacon Hill 500 feet above the Duluth harbour on the lake Superior.
In 1893, the Beacon Hill Pavilion was built just beside the top station of the incline. It was a big building devoted to concerts, picnics and special events. It was able to receive 5000 people at a time inside and outside in the park.
Le funiculaire de la 7th Avenue West a été construit en 1891afin de pouvoir grimper sur la colline Beacon Hill située à prÚs de 100 mÚtres au dessus du port de Duluth sur le lac Supérieur.
En 1893, le bĂątiment Beacon Hill Pavilionfut construit juste Ă  cĂŽtĂ© de la gare supĂ©rieure du funiculaire. C’Ă©tait une grand bĂątiment fait pour des concerts, picnics et lieu Ă©vĂšnementiel. Il pouvait accueillir 5000 personnes avec son parc.

(click on the picts to enlarge / cliquer sur les photos pour les agrandir)


1900 – People watching hot-air balloon event at Beacon Hill. The Beacon Hill Pavilion (right), with the top station of the incline (center) and one of the incline car (left). This was the end position of the cars at the top station. The car did not enter in the hangar.
1900 – La foule regarde la prĂ©paration d’une ascension en ballon. Le Beacon Hill Pavilion (Ă  droite) la gare supĂ©rieure du funiculaire (au centre) et une des deux voitures (Ă  gauche). C’Ă©tait la position finale de la voiture Ă  la station supĂ©rieure. La voiture ne rentrait pas Ă  l’intĂ©rieur du hangar.


The incline was a funicular with two large counterbalanced cars large enough to carry horses and passengers running on two parallel tracks. The cars were opened on the front and back to let passengers ans horses in. It was powered by a steam engine located in a large hangar at the top of the track beside the Beacon Hill Pavilion.
C’Ă©tait un funiculaire avec deux grandes voitures (plates formes) suffisamment grandes pour transporter des passagers et des chevaux. Il Ă©tait propulsĂ© par une machine Ă  vapeur situĂ©e dans le grand hangar de la gare supĂ©rieure Ă  cĂŽtĂ© du Beacon Hill Pavilion.


1900 – The incline at Beacon Hill / Le funiculaire au sommet du Beacon Hill

The top station of the incline provided shelter to the steam engine (see the chimney) and was also a transfer station with the Highland Park tramway line which started just on the other side of the top station (left on the photo below).
La gare supĂ©rieure du funiculaire hĂ©bergeait la machine Ă  vapeur (voir la cheminĂ©e) et servait aussi Ă  la correspondance avec le tramway de la ligne de Highland Park qui commençait de l’autre cĂŽtĂ© de la gare du funiculaire (Ă  gauche sur la photo ci-dessous).


1900 – Top station of the incline / Gare supĂ©rieure du funiculaire
Note the gap between the car and the station. We can see the cables in the gap!
Notez l’espace entre la voiture et la gare! On aperçoit mĂȘme les cĂąbles dans l’intervalle!


1900 – The Highland Park street car / Le tramway de la ligne Highland Park
The Beacon Hill Pavilion in the background. The top station of the incline can be seenon the right, behind the snow heap.
Le Beacon Hill Pavilion est en arriÚre plan de la photo ci-dessus. On aperçoit la gare supérieure du funiculaire derriÚre le gros tas de neige à droite.


1900 – Bottom station / La gare basse
The bottom station was located on the West Superior Street. The two cars can bee seen on the top of the track, in fact the middle of the line. Note the two wooden gates from where it was possible to access directly through the front of the cars.
La gare infĂ©rieure du funiculaire Ă©tait situĂ©e sur la West Superior Street. On aperçoit les deux voitures en haut de la voie… en fait Ă  mi-distance. Notez aussi les deux portails en bois qui donnaient de front accĂšs aux voitures.

May 28, 1901 – The fire / L’incendie

On May 28, 1901 there was a fire in the steam powerhouse of the top station of the incline!
The fire destroyed the top station… and spread to the Beacon Hill Pavilion which was destroyed too!
Le 28 mai 1901, il y eu un violent incendie dans la gare supérieure du funiculaire!
Le feu dĂ©truisit complĂštement la gare… mais il se propagea aussi au Beacon Hill Pavilion qui fut entiĂšrement dĂ©truit aussi!

May 28, 1901 – Smoking ruins of the Beacon Hill Pavilion and top station / Ruines fumantes du Beacon Hill Pavilion et de la gare supĂ©rieure
This document is exceptional! It shows the still smoking ruins and the car still at the burnt top station…
In a few minutes… the cable, which still maintain the car, will break due to the heat which melt the cable!
The car hurtled down to the bottom of the slope… and pulverized the bottom station at West Superior street!
Ce document est exceptionnel! Il montre les ruines encore fumante du Beacon Hill Pavilion et de la gare supĂ©rieure du funiculaire mais aussi la voiture encore stationnĂ©e Ă  la gare…
Dans quelques minutes… le cĂąble, qui maintient la voiture, va se rompre car il a fondu sous l’effet de la chĂąleur! la voiture va dĂ©valer la pente pour aller fracasser la gare infĂ©rieure!



May 28, 1901 – After the fire, the wreck of the incline / AprĂšs l’incendie, l’accident de la voiture Ă  la gare basse
At West Superior street, the bottom station was pulverized by the car on the right track; the car was also pulverized! Nobody were injured because after the fire at the top station, the rupture of the cable was predicted and the bottom station was evacuated!
A la West Superior street, la gare infĂ©rieure a Ă©tĂ© pulvĂ©risĂ©e par la voiture de droite qui elle-mĂȘme a Ă©tĂ© pulvĂ©risĂ©e! Il n’y eu pas de victimes parce qu’aprĂšs l’incendie la rupture du cĂąble avait Ă©tĂ© prĂ©vue et la gare basse avait Ă©tĂ© Ă©vacuĂ©e!





May 28, 1901 – The wreck of the incline / L’accident du funiculaire
This is the photo of Quiz #25
Et voilĂ  la photo du Quiz #25



May 28, 1901 – The wreck of the incline / L’accident du funiculaire
On this document, you can see the details of the car. It was mostly a platform for carriages and horses. There was a small compartment for passengers on the exterior side of the cars.
Sur ce document on peut voir les dĂ©tails de la voiture. C’Ă©tait une plate forme pouvant transporter des chariots, des chevaux et des passagers qui disposaient d’une petite cabine allongĂ©e sur le cĂŽtĂ© extĂ©rieur des voitures.


May 28, 1901 – The top station after the fire / La gare supĂ©rieure aprĂšs l’incendie
This photo was taken after the rupture of the cable… the top car is not there anymore!
Interesting details of the pulleys.
Cette photo a Ă©tĂ© prise aprĂšs la rupture du cĂąble… la voiture qui Ă©tait stationnĂ©e Ă  la gare supĂ©rieure n’est plus lĂ ! DĂ©tails intĂ©ressants des grandes poulies.


May 28, 1901 – The top station after the fire / La gare supĂ©rieure aprĂšs l’incendie


First rebuilding (1902-1911) / PremiĂšre reconstruction (1902-1911)

Six months after the fire and the crash of the right (east) car, the service was restored but with only one car, the left (west) car. The steam engine was replaced by an electric power station.
This car (N° 163) was a new car quickly built from a street car body mounted on a platform.
On the right track, the second car was replaced by a flat counterweight which was just four wheels carrying a weight!
Four bridges were built over the east track to gain access to the car whose entrance was not on the front of the car but on the right side, the interior side!
Six mois aprĂšs l’incendie et le crash de la voiture Est, le service a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©tabli mais avec une seule voiture, celle de la voie de gauche (Ouest). La machine Ă  vapeur a Ă©tĂ© remplacĂ©e par une motorisation Ă©lectrique. La voiture (n°163) a Ă©tĂ© construite Ă  la va-vite Ă  partir d’une caisse de tramway posĂ©e sur un chariot. Sur la voie de droite, la voiture a Ă©tĂ© remplacĂ©e par un chariot bas sur lequel est posĂ© un contrepoids. Quatre passerelles ont Ă©tĂ© construites au dessus de la voie de droite pour accĂ©der Ă  la voiture de gauche dont la porte est sur le cĂŽtĂ© intĂ©rieur!

(click on the picts to enlarge / cliquer sur les photos pour les agrandir)


1905- Rebuild of the incline with one car / Reconstruction du funiculaire avec une voiture
On the photo you can see the four bridges over the right track corresponding to the four intermediary stops. These bridges do not allow any right car except a flat counterweight which passed below the bridges!
At the real top of the right track you can see the flat counterweight… the flat counterweight is at the end of the line. there is no more top station hangar.
Sur la photo on peut voir les quatre passerelles qui passent au dessus de la voie de droite pour accĂ©der aux quatre arrĂȘts intermĂ©diaires. Ces passerelles empĂšchent la circulation d’une voiture sur la voie de droite… par contre elles permettent la circulation du chariot contrepoids qui passe sous les passerelles! Au sommet de la voie de droite on aperçoit d’ailleur le chariot. Il n’y a plus de hangar Ă  la gare supĂ©rieure.


1905 – The car with the counterweight / La voiture avec le contrepoids
The car N° 163 which looks like a small street car. Note the only door on the interior side of the car and note also one of the four bridges over the right track which was used to access the car at the intermediary stops. A trolley wired was used to supply power for lightning.
La voiture n° 163 ressemble Ă  celle d’un petit tramway. Il n’y a qu’une porte d’accĂšs situĂ©e sur le cĂŽtĂ© intĂ©rieur de la voiture. En haut de la voie de droite on aperçoit une des quatre passerelles d’accĂšs aux stations intermĂ©diaires. La voiture est Ă©quipĂ©e d’une perche de trolley pour alimenter l’Ă©clairage de la voiture.


1905 – The new bottom station / La nouvelle gare basse
Note that the new bottom station was built over the end of the right track!
To access the car of the incline, the passengers had to use the narrow door. The wooden gate on the left side is not a door any more.
La nouvelle gare basse comprend aussi une petite boutique sur le bas de la voie de droite inutilisĂ©e! Pour accĂ©der Ă  la voiture, les passagers utilisent la porte Ă©troite. La barriĂšre en bois sur la gauche n’est plus le portail d’accĂšs Ă  la voiture.

Second rebuilding (1912-1939) / Seconde reconstruction (1912-1939)

This makeshift incline continued until 1911 until two new cars, designed especially for the incline were put in service in 1912.
Ce funiculaire improvisĂ© continua son service jusqu’en 1911 jusqu’Ă  ce qu’il soit Ă©quipĂ© des deux nouvelles voitures spĂ©cialement conçues et qui furent mises en service en 1912.


1912 – The new incline / le nouveau funiculaire
You can see the two new cars: one at the top on left track, the second at the bottom station on the right track. Note also that the four bridges have been removed and replaced by four tiny intermediary stations located between the two tracks! To access these stations, passengers used stairs located below the tracks.
On aperçoit les deux nouvelles voitures: une au sommet de la voie de droite et l’autre en bas de la voie de droite. A noter aussi que les quatre passerelles ont Ă©tĂ© supprimĂ©es et remplacĂ©es par quatre petites stations intermĂ©diaires situĂ©es entre les deux voies! On accĂ©dait Ă  ces station par des escaliers sous la voie montĂ©e sur piliers.


1914 – The new bottom station / La nouvelle gare basse
The small shop have been removed and now the bottom station is symmetrical.
Note the roof… I am quite sure there was such a roof at the bottom station in 1901 when the car crashed! On the photo of the Quiz #25 we can see such a roof in the middle of the street…
La petite boutique a été supprimée et la gare basse est maintenant symétrique.
A noter le toit… je suis persuadĂ© qu’il y avait un tel toit Ă  la gare basse en 1901 au moment du crash du funiculaire! Sur la photo du Quiz #25 on voit un tel toit qui a Ă©tĂ© projetĂ© au milieu de la rue…


1926 – The top station / La gare supĂ©rieure
This is a very interesting document! It shows the top station which is really minimalist!
On the left the east car stopped at the end of the track. To exit/enter the cars, passengers used a small platform located between the tracks. Below the track, the small cube is the power house… above the cube is a small shack used for the operator… over the heads of the couple, the waiting room which looks similar to the four intermediary tiny stations… on the right, the Highland Avenue street car.
C’est une photo trĂšs intĂ©ressante!
On y voit la gare supérieure qui est vraiment minimaliste!
A gauche la voiture Est est arrĂȘtĂ©e en bout de voie. Pour accĂ©der aux voitures, les passagers utilisaient une petite plate forme situĂ©e entre les deux voies. Sous la voie, le bĂątiment en forme de cube abrite la salle des machines… au dessus du cube, une petite baraque utilisĂ©e par l’opĂ©rateur… au dessus de la tĂȘte du couple qui pose, la salle d’attente qui ressemble fortement aux quatre stations intermĂ©diaires… Ă  droite le tramway d’Highland Avenue.


1926 – The Highlang Avenue street car / The tramway de Highlang Avenue
The same top station but the photo was taken from the Highland Avenue. On the foreground this is the Highland Avenue street car ans you can see the west car od the incline in the background on the right.
MĂȘme gare supĂ©rieure mais vue depuis Hihland Avenue. Au premier plan le tramway d’Highland Avenue et en arriĂšre plan Ă  droite on voit la voiture ouest du funiculaire.


1939 – The new car / La nouvelle voiture


1939 – Lake Superior and the Aerial Lift Bridge of the Duluth harbour / Le lac SpĂ©rieur et le pont levant du port de Duluth

Duluth is more well known for its Aerial Bridge which preceded the actual Aerial Lift Bridge.
Duluth est encore plus célÚbre pour son pont transbordeur qui précéda le pont levant actuel.
See a great shot of the Aerial Bridge (1905) / Ci-dessous une superbe vue du pont transbordeur (1905):


1905 – The Aerial bridge / Le pont transbordeur

See also a great shot of the Aerial Bridge from the great SHORPY site.
Voir aussi cette superbe photo du Aerial Bridge sur le trĂšs interessant site SHORPY.


1939 – The last days / Les derniers jours
Everything is written on the bottom station! This photo is so sad… the incline seems to have no more success… the operator seems desperately waiting for passengers!
Tout est Ă©crit sur la gare basse: “DerniĂšre chance – Ne loupez pas cette fameuse excursion – Vue sur les ports jumeaux, Ă  100 mĂštres au dessus – MĂȘme tarif que le tramway – Le funiculaire va bientĂŽt ĂȘtre supprimĂ© pour cause de modernisation des transports”

The incline closed on September 4, 1939.
Le funiculaire a été fermé le 4 septembre 1939.


2 – Duluth Belt Line Incline

Belt Line Incline Railway waiting room, Duluth, Minnesota (USA)
Salle d’attente du funiculaire
Belt Line Incline Railway, Duluth, Minnesota (USA)

duluth-belt-line-railway-03

Dutluth, Minnesota, had two inclined railways. The most well known was the ‘7th Avenue West Incline’ (1891-1939). But there was another incline which is not known by many people. It was the Belt Line Incline Railway (1889-1917). The bottom station was located at 61st avenue and Grand avenue and the top station at Bayview, Vinland street. Today a power line marks the location of the old cable railway.

Il y avait deux funiculaires Ă  Duluth, Minnesota. Le plus connu Ă©tait le ‘7th Avenue West Incline’ (1891-1939). Mais il y en avait un autre que trĂšs peu de gens connaissent. C’Ă©tait le Belt Line Incline Railway (1889-1917). SituĂ© beaucoup plus Ă  l’ouest, la gare basse Ă©tait au croisement de la 61Ăšme avenue et de la Grand avenue et la gare haute se trouvait Ă  Bayview sur la Vinland street. Aujourd’hui une ligne Ă©lectrique indique l’emplacement de l’ancien funiculaire.


Google Maps

A – Duluth Belt Line Incline
B –
Duluth 7th Avenue West Incline


View Larger Map


The photos are from the Minnesota Digital Library and with a big work for rebuilding!
Les photos sont de la Minnesota Digital Library avec un énorme travail de reconstruction et de restauration.

Michel Azéma (December 2008)


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4 Responses to “(US) Duluth inclines / Les funiculaires de Duluth (Minnesota)”


  • Great site! Regarding the crash in 1901: Could it be the ‘intact’ car you see at the bottom station is not the one that ran wild down the tracks and crashed? The debris from the crashed car would have been farther down hill it seems to me.

  • Daniel> Thank you… I am sure now the car which crashed was the car on the right track. This car was pulverized at the bottom station… the car pulverized also the station. When I wrote this article I was not sure about which car crashed … now I am sure… I have updated the article. On the 6th photo, you can see the top station after the fire and before the car crashed. This car is on the right track because you can see the passenger compartment which was built on the exterior side of each car. If it was the left car, the passenger compartment should not be visible on this photo.

  • Yes, I live in Duluth. We have a friend who is 90 years old, and remembers riding on the incline railway. His memory is not real good anymore. We read the pavilion was destroyed in 1901 by fire. He remembers doing something at “the pavilion” which he remembers as a round building, so I did some searching on line to find out more. Your site helped confirm that his recollection must be of some other structure, since your picture of the pavillion shows it certainly not round, and confirmed that it burned to the ground 9 years before he was born!

  • Look at the first photo… the Beacon Hill Pavilion has some rounded walls… Look at the 6th photo, after the fire you can see that the lower part of the Pavilion is still there with the rounded walls… may be this remaining part stayed like that several years…
    Does your friend have any remembrance of the Belt Line Incline Railway?

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